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Run-outtolerancesarepartlyorientationtolerances(axialcircularrun-outtolerance,axialtotalrun-outtolerance)andpartlylocationtolerances(radialcircularrunout
tolerance,radialtotalrun-outtolerance).However,accordingtoISO1101,theyareconsideredasseparatetoleranceswithseparatesymbols,becauseoftheirspecialmeasuringmethod.Typicaldrawingindicationsandtherelevantgeometricaltolerancezonesoftolerancesofform,orientation,locationandrun-outareshowninFigs3.1to3.11.WhichgeometricaltolerancesareapplicableforwhichtypeoffeatureisshowninTable3.3.Thetablealsoshowsthepossiblecombinationsoftolerancedfeatureand
datumfeature.Thepossibletolerancezones,theirshapes,theirorientationsandlocations,theirwidthsandtheirlengthsaredescribedin3.3.
Thepossibilitiesofspecifyingdatumsaredescribedin3.4.Thedefinitionsofaxesandmedianfacesaredealtwithin3.5.Specialrulesforscrewthreads,gearsandsplinesaredescribedin3.6.ThedifferencesbetweenangularitytolerancesaccordingtoISO1101andangulardimensiontolerancesaccordingtoISO8015aredescribedin3.7.
FormtolerancesoflinesareshowninFig.3.1.Lineprofiletolerances(Fig.3.1top).Thenominal(theoretical,geometricalideal)line
isdefinedbytheoreticalexactdimensions(TEDs).Ineachsection,paralleltotheplaneofprojectioninwhichtheindicationisshown,theprofilelineshallbecontained
betweentwoequidistantlinesenvelopingcirclesofdiameter0.02,thecentresofwhicharelocatedonalinehavingthenominal(theoretical,geometricalideal)form(seealso4).Roundness(circularity)tolerance(Fig.3.1centre).Ineachcross-sectionoftheconicalsurfacetheprofile(circumference)shallbecontainedbetweentwocoplanarconcentriccircleswitharadialdistanceof0.02(seealsoFig.3.18).Straightnesstolerance(Fig.3.1bottom).Ineachsection,paralleltotheplaneofprojection
inwhichtheindicationisshown,theprofileshallbecontainedbetweentwoparallelstraightlines0.03apart(seealso3.3.1andFig.3.19).
Forfurtherexamplesofformtolerancesoflinessee4,9,11,12,20.1.2,20.2,20.3,20.8and20.9.FormtolerancesofsurfacesareshowninFig.3.2.
Surfaceprofiletolerances(Fig.3.2top).Thenominal(theoretical,geometricalideal)surfaceisdefinedbytheoreticalexactdimensions(TEDs).Thesurfaceshallbecontainedbetweentwoequidistantsurfacesenvelopingspheresofdiameter0.03,thecentresofwhicharelocatedonasurfacehavingthenominal(theoretical,geometrical
ideal)form(seealso4).Cylindricitytolerance(Fig.3.2centre).Thesurfaceshallbecontainedbetweentwocoaxialcylinderswitharadialdistance0.05.
Flatnesstolerance(Fig.3.2bottom).Thesurfaceshallbecontainedbetweentwoparallelplanes0.05apart(seealso20.2).Fortolerancingofconessee5.
Forfurtherexamplesofformtolerancessee20,1.2,20.3,20.8and20.9.OrientationtolerancesareshowninFig.3.3.
跳动公差的公差是部分定向公差(轴向跳动公差,轴向全跳动公差)和部分位置公差(径向圆跳动
宽容,径向全跳动公差)。但是,根据ISO1101,因为他们专门的测量方法,他们是视为不同的公差,使用不同的符号。典型图纸说明和形状,方向,位置和跳动公差的相关几何公差公差带都显示在图3.1至3.11中。在表3.3中显示哪些特征类型适用哪类几何公差。该表还显示出标注公差的特征与基准特征的可能组合。可能的公差带,它们的形状,方向和位置,以及它们的长度和宽度也描绘在3.3表中。指定基准的可能性描述在表3.4中。表3.5则与轴和中性面的定义相关。螺纹,齿轮,花键的特别规定则描述在表3.6中。根据ISO1101定义的倾斜度公差和符合ISO8015定义的角尺寸公差之间的差异描述在3.7中。如图3.1所示线的形状公差即线(图3.1顶)轮廓公差。名义(理论,几何理想)线由理论(TED’s)正确尺寸所定义。在平行于显示的投影平面上的每一截面中,线的轮廓必须处于两个相等,直径0.02的圈内,其中心位于具有名义(理论,几何理想)形状的线上(另见4)。圆度(圆)公差(图3.1中心)。在每个圆锥表面上的截面中,轮廓(圆周)应包含两个共面径向距离为0.02的同心圆之间(见图。3.18)。直线度公差(图3.1下):在每一截面中,平行于显示的投影平面,轮廓应处在两个平行相距0.03的直线间(亦见3.3.1和图。3.19)。对于线状公差的其它实例,见4,9,11,12,20.1.2,20.2,20.3,20.8和20.9。面状公差如图3.2所示。面(图3.2上)轮廓公差:名义(理论,几何理想)表面由理论(TED’s)的正确尺寸定义。面必须包含在两个相距为直径0.03球包络面内,其中心处于名义(理论,几何理想)形状上(见4)。圆柱度公差(图3.2中心):表面应处在两个径向距离为0.05的同轴柱面内。平面度公差(图3.2下):表面应处在两个平行距离为0.05的平面内(见20.2)。对于圆锥公差见5。对于形状公差的其它举例见20,1.2,20.3,20.8和20.9。定向公差见图3.3。
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